Building



C. W. BUCKHAM BU I'LDI NG 2 Sheets-Shet Filed April 7, 1927 .Ill W Dec. 4, 1928.

C. W. BUCKHAM BUILDING Filed April 1927 49g '4 2 Sheets-Sheet fria! ...liz/1 INVENTOR Charles Wzwrham @Wwl' ATTORNEY Patented Deo., 4f, 1928.

Unire@ CHARLES w. BuoKnAM, or new YORK, N. -YQ

BUILDING.

Application filed Apri 7,

This invention relates to building structu" and has 'for an object to provide an improved construction and more particularly; an improved method of tirei'esisting construc-V tion which may be used for a garage, a scho-ol Vbuilding or otherpuiposes, wherein alternat-V `c superposed 'intermediate floorsl disposed it haii sterf: int l rvals, interlock su ist-antially .n regular order 'to any desired extent. w i iinother object ofthe invention is to pro? vide a building with housed in ramps or stairs enclosed by `walls and provided with doors at'the points where the `stories inter'- lociy the building being so formel that't-he .di ent stories may be ,divided into yhoused in spaces or a combination oie housed in spaces and public spaces. i 1 A still further object oi' the invention is to provide. a building which may be used for a garage? wherein the stories interloclnthe buildi'fif-f being Jformed so that the different floor: may be divided into housed in private compartments or into a combination .if

o housed in privatb garages and public spaces with eiiclosedranips provided with doei-i. at the points where the .stories interlock. Bin additional object is to provide a build'- ing which may be used for a school building, wherein either ramps or stairs are provider with interlocled Jstories tor the purpose of securing fire-prooi protection, while a part` of the/space of each story'being higher'than the remaining part, whereby a maximum number of story spaces are provided ina given elevation.

In the accompanying c lrawings-- Figure 1 is a sectional view throughV a garage formed according to the present inven tion,l the saine being taken on line .1 1 of Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a Vvertical sectional view through Figure 1l on line 2&2. l

Figure 3 is a.. detail fragmentary sectional view through Figure 2 on line 3 3.

Figure 4 is a: horizontal .sectional view` through a building adapted `for useA as a school, the same disclosing an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 is a .vertical sectionaly view through Figure 4 online 545.

ln constructinga b-uildingaccording to the invention, it is aimedfto provide a building wherein superposed intermediate floors are disposed athalf story intervals and caused I overlappingcouldbe appreciably less so i927. semi n0. ieiss.`

to interlock substantially at the center. of the building in regular order, and to anyv desired extent, with each storyinterlocked.with the story above or ielow` by'alternately and 0p positely disposed enclosing walls,jand withl ilternately and oppositely -disposedaine'ans iorining door openings. The interpenetrat-` ing and interlocking 'i'ioors present a building structurewherein thefoors, rampsand other openings may lbehoused in` vv and thereby produce what may. be termed a .fire resisting structure with double iire wallsjboth forthe means of ingress and egress;1 as wellasfor the storage spacewhich is a valuable Jfeature when a building is usedas a garage by reason of thestorage of'gasolinelorother` substances.

Referring to the accompanying drawings r Y by numerals, indicates an outer wall which may be of ani7 desiredstructure and with any desired number'oi" windows. rlhis outer wall,

shown in Figure 1, encloses a rectangular space,l though it desired, the shape ofl the buildingcould be varied without. departing from the spirit of the invention. Arranged within the outer wall 1 are a number of iioors, namelyiiloors, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Y9 and 10. Itv islevident thatI a. larger number of floors or a less number v'could be provided without departing` from the invention. In connection with ktheiloors, the inventive idea is shown particularly in llliguiey ywherein it will'be noted that the :floors overlap to an'appreciable Vextent and provide a central overlapped section ofilooring This results inproviding horizontal passage-waysll and 12 having ay certain height and a iloor'section 13 for each of thefiioors .2 to lOinclusive of less height than the passage-ways 11; yandr V12 and the space exteriorly thereof; l The space on eachV floor next'to vthe wall 1 vand the passage-ways q l11- and 12, areoifftwice the heightlaslshown in Figure 2, Vas the' flooring space indicated by i, 13.V .The overlappingsections las shownin .v

Figure 2 overlap toan appreciable extent and overlap even to greater extent if desired,y though the overlap shown has been foundto be desirable for garages'and for certain other purposes. i `Under some circumstances, the

to provide more space with a' higher'ceiling; rihe greater the overlap of theriioors the greater tioorspace .each floor possesses and, consequently, agreater floor Vspacein a given enclosing wall,

At suitable points'there are provided Irun-1 I :llo` i ways or ramps 14 which are really inclined passage-waysproviding ingress and egress to therespectivefloors. Under certain circumstances, these ramps may be dispensed with and stairways used but where thebuilding is storageV of automobiles at any vdesired place .or if'preferred, the floors couldl be housed 'inf and divided into rooms with doors for A desirable presenting private garages.

structure visr shown in Figure 1, wherein the .y

'outer'space v15 on each of the -iioors is used asa public storage space for automobiles. f It' willi be noted that a' number oiffsupportingV standardsil are used. adjacent this space. At eachA end of thebuilding in the low oeil ing section 13, is arranged 'walls 1'7 and 18 respectively, f whereby` private garages are f fpresented, said garages having suitable doors .'19 and'20. Between the ramps 14v there is "also provided suitable division walls 21 so fthat private garages 22 and123 are presented fand l a storage space or publie garage space 24 is provided; 'By providing these private garages at this ypoint or some other point, oneor morecars may be stored out of possible-contact with other cars and alsoVV Y,protected against thieves andcareless workmen'.

As indicated in Figurev 3, Vanl automobile rmay be driven from the street 25 directly through the door 26 onto the bottom floor 2,

yand. from thence may pass downwardly on theV lower ramp 14 vto a basementv floor. 2for may pass upwardly to floor 3 or any of'V the other floors as'desired. 1 n InFigures 4.andl 5',.a modiiied form of the invention is Ishown to that illustratedin Figures 1 and 2; In thisfform of the invention,;

f the inventive idea has. been incorporated in a school building,r In the building illustrated i in Figures 4 and 5,-it will, be noted' that the central section 13 Vhaslow ceilings Ywhereas 'theoiitersections,26v and 27 have high ceilings. ,V The sections 26 and 27 are adapted to ,be Vused as classrooms and for certain.v halls,`

Vwhile the floor space'on section 13 will be Y' used for cloakrooms, teachersY rooms, :toilet rooms, 'storagerooms and the like.. As indif f, cated inFigure 5,r a person mayenter froi'n the street 28 and pass througha door 29 onto i Y Y thefloor From the floorl 30,. the person v may passy upwardlyv along .the lrainp'31 or downwardly over the ramp 31.. VVheiipass-v ing downwardly,.the person lmayl pass into l the hall 32 and fromV then'cefinto the asseml bly room or-auditoriuin- 33. ,Anf auxiliary yhall .32fdownwardly into tliebasement 34.

ramp31. is provided andeXtends from the doors into the classrooms 36`and 37.

buildin@ the respective ramps anl l means between saidramps vforming enclosed As indicated in Figure 4, the floor space 35 acts'as a `hall and opens through suitable This hall also opens into auxiliary halls v38 and 39-in: section 13. rlflie auxiliary halls 38 and 39 may open into suitable roomseldand 41. @ne of these rooms is preferably inconiin uni cation through doors 42 and 43 to the classrooms 3G and 37 so that this yparticulary room may be used as a cloalrrooin. The other roomsmay be used for other purposes as desired, for instance,y teachers rooms, storage rooi'ns and toilet rooms.

ln' Figure-fl, the ramp 31 is indicated as ending on the licor 35 while the ramp 3i ends on the iioor or yhall `space 32 which is below the floor 35. The floor in rooms36 and 37 ison the saine level as the door of hall 35. The samev is true regard to hall 35', namely, the cle.

oonis and 37 are on the same levelas tine hall 35. This same arrangement is carried vthi''oughout the build- 'ing as illustrated in the drawing, and is `usually the preferred arrangement, though Y some changes might be provided to take care o'f special circumstances; It will vbe noted that the lowceiling section 13'l takes-care oi` the ramps,l cloakrooins, teachers `rooms and the like, whiletlie classrooms have double tlieceiling space which is desirable by reavson of vthe large number of persons in one room.

The auditorium 33 has been'shown with an inclined floor but this co'uldbe a horizontal floor and also the 'auditorium out departing from Athe invention, which pri- `marily Aconsists in tlie'overlapping oi the ,floors and the various ineans of ingress and egress, including the Vramps or stairs. It

desired, instead of using theramps, stairs couldbe `used or even elevators `and the vsaine saving of floor space would be present. The

drawings have shown the buildinga's being above grade, but if desired,rthe overlapping iioorscould ber used in connection lwith a building below grade andthe ramps and other lpartscaused to function in the saine *ing 'troni said side walls and. overlapping for a certain distano adjacent tbecenteroil the K g, a series of rampsy connecting said floors, said ramps Vbeing positioned'atthe acting as private garages posifti'onedbetween said end walls,`r

manner. Also, 'in regard to the vschool build- Y ing shown, in Figures4 and 5, the cloakrooms may open directlyjfroin' the classrooms nto Y point where thel floorsoverlap and spaced from said walls, means form-ing enclosures lBU space passage-ways are formed connecting-- said ramps. i i i 2. A building including an outside enclos-V ing wall having side wallmembeis and front and rear wall members, a plurality ofliorin Yzontal fiooi's extending from two opposite wall members, said floors being spaced apart a certain distance at the said tivo opposite wall members and interpenetrating 'and in-v ..terlocling adjacent the center of the building with the floors at the interlocked portions half the distance apart thaty they are at the s'aid two opposite wall members, means forming substantially enclosed rooms adjacent the said,

twoopposite wall-members, and means .forin-A ing smaller .enclosed spaces in Asaid interlocking. portions and enclosed ramps present- .ing vmeans ofvingre'ss and egress position-ed within the space of said interpenetrating and interlocking floors. y 3. A building, comprising outer enclosing walls, a group kof superposed floors extend-v ing from one .of said walls toward the oppositewall and overlying a -part of the ground area within said outer walls, a second group et siip-erposed floors extending from .saidopposite wall toward the first mentioned group orF floors and overlying another part 'of the ground area. within the'outer walls.y a thirdk v group of siiperposed floors intermediate the first-two groups of floors overlying the area between the first two groups of floors, alternately and oppositely disposed verticalwalls interlocking the tliirdngroup of floors with Y the first t-wo groups of floors, the alternating floors of the third group of floors being aligned with lthe first`a.nd second group of floors alternately, and means of ingress and egress traversing said third group of floors. g el. A building struc-ture, including enclosing end walls and side walls, aI plurality of supe-rposed'floors overlying an intermediate part of the ground area within said walls, said floors extending from onewwall to the opposite wall and spaced from the remaining walls, a groupv of siiperposed floors on each side of said first mentioned group offloors, said second group of floors extending from said remaining walls to the first group of floors and alternately merging into said first group of. floors and walls at the junctures of the first group of floors with the second group of floors for interlocking the various groups of floors, said last mentioned Walls having alternating and oppositely disposed openings, means forming ingress and egress to and from the respective floors, said means beingv located within the first group of oors and interlocking therewith, and means forming" passage-ways connecting said means of ingress and egress. i j Y f. y V- 5. A building lstructure including outside walls having side and end walls, a. firstseries 'of-horizontal floors extending'froin one of said walls toward' the opposite wallfwith' the inner edges falling short of'said opposite wall, afsecond series of horizontal floors eX- l tending :trom said opposite wall and projecting to a point beyond the inner edgesV oftheV first series of fioors,but with their inner edges falling short of said irstfivall, said second of 'floors being spaced appro-Xin'iately half way between thefirst seriesY of floors, a pair of inner vertical walls, on'efo'f said-inner walls beingpositioned attlie inneredgesofthe iist series of floors, and tlie otlieiinne'r wall 'beine' aositioned at the linner edges ofthe l :n h second` series of floors for dividing the half stories formed by the superposed portions of the respective series of floors from the remain y ing portions of the respective floors to "pre-Y sent a substantiallyisolated groupoffloo-rs forming half stories between the remaining floors forming full heightv stories, and means of vingress and egress to all ofsaidfloors. g

6. A building` structure, comprisingfoutei' j walls, a plurality,` ofV groups of horizontalv fioors staggered vertically,`the planes of `the floors of one group for acertain intermediateV distance lying in planes interjacent the planes of the floors ofanother group andsepl arated-y therefrom by verticalvplanesi of dividing walls to? form -a series of superposed interjacent mezzanine stories lying therein reciprocatively acting superposed stories with interjacent mezzanines, said 'dividing walls having alternately and oppositelydisposedopenings for presenting passagevvays between` tlieiiiezzanine stories and adjacent floors, andlalte'rnately and oppositely dis-y walls, said ramps acting as means of entrance and exit to and from said mezzanine floors.

between serving toforin grou-ps oil series of 7. A building includingoutside walls and Y;

a plurality of vertically staggered horizontal floors,the said floors interjacent the center of .the building being traversed by a group strucvturecomprising bilateral parallel and perpeni dicular'enclosing walls and within the said outside wall s, and anauxiliary group oit inter?V jacent -horizontal transverse floors, the said l auxiliary group of floors vseparatedin rows of bipartite interspacin gs with respect to the opposite interspacings of the staggered hori- Zontal floors on the opposite sides ofthe said bilateralenclosing walls and thereby `forming groupsv of oppositely,l staggered horizontalV floors with transverse locked interj acent floors therein between, and means coasting Ywith rthe said floors presenting means oft ingress and egress to anyfioor. A e A Y 8; A building structure, i'ncludinga'fplu- 'rality of opposite outerwalls, and ivithinthef.v

Said opposite outer Walls a. plurality of horizontal Vfloors; the said horizontal floors beingf' spaced apart in parallel'rowsofbipartite vertical interspacings; and extending; transversely across'the'said building 1n opposite transeA if'erse and bipartite horizont-arl interspacings,`

and v oppositely with respect to the said outer Walls, and the saidV transversey horizontal floors enclosedrand interloeled Within the verc Y tical planes of transverse bipartite crossing by means ot parallel and perpendicular planes of i bilateral' transverse structural Wallsrthe said Y paralleljand perpendicular bilateral Walls forming right angles With a. plurality of the said opposite outer Walls? and extendingI transversely across thesaid building from onev opposite outer Wallineniber to another opposite' outer Wall member, thereby separating the saidbuilding intointerJacent enclosed #and interlockedfsections ,of oppositely staggered and transverse locked staggered horizontal floorsandinto inter-j acent enclosedA and interlocled transverse floors and transverse locked into interj acent and enclosed oppositely staggered stories, and a series of subdivid.

*filing partitions on certain of theioors, enclos ing lparts of the space Withinthe aforesaid bil lateral Walls and between the opposite outer Walls 'for presenting minor divisions, and the .aforesaid bilateral Wallsy having alternately y and oppositely'disposed openings for presentn ing passagevvays; betweenthe differentv adl jacent. stories, v and alternately andk oppositely disposed inclined planes positioned Within the space enclosed bythe said bilateral walls,

i l saidf inclined planes acting as means of env versehorizontal tloorsrthe said' floors sepatrance and eXit to andV from the said different-Y tloors. i Y Y 9. A building, comprising outer Walls7 andv Within the said outer Walls and interjacent the cen ter ot the building, a plurality of: transrated vertically with each second floorcrossed to' an opposite outer Wall and;Y transversely v crossed and: enclosedf'within the transverse planes of'erossing by .parallel and perpendicular planes of bilateral enclosing and bonding `Walls thereby forming groups or series etoppositely disposed lofty `stories with interjacent and interlocking mezzanine :stories t-liereinbetween, said transverse and enclosing g walls having#v alternately and oppositel'y disposed openingsforpresentingpassageways betweenthe mezzanine stories and. adjacent floors, and alternately and yoppositely dis# posed inclined planes positioned Within the space enclosedby. thedividing Walls, said Vinclinedv planes-acting as-rneans of entrance vand exit to and froml saidmezzanine ioors.

10.*AA building'structure' including a plurality'of opposite outer Walls,y andtvitliin the said opposite out-er Walls,A a. plurality of vgroups of bipartite horizontal/floors, ythe said oorsvertically and oppositegly separated yin .et bipartite co-acting partsinto groups of interjacent duplexedI andV staggered horizontal oors,land intoduplex groups of interjacent enclosed and bipartite and transverse locked duplexed staggered stories,tthe`said bilateral Walls` having alternatelyl andr oppositely ldis-l posed openings for presenting passageways between the adjacent duplexed stories, and alternately and oppositely disposed inclined Vduplex.staggered rows and interjacent the 1 planes positioned between the kduplexed stories7 the said inclined planes acting as' means of entrance and exit to and from the said groups or duplexed stories. Y

CHARLES W. BUGKHAM. 

